Gem Journal
Learn the stone before you buy it
Straight answers on identifying, pricing, choosing and caring for natural gemstones — written for buyers in Pakistan, with the Urdu names you already know.
Featured guide
A Beginner's Look at Malachite: Bands, Softness and Safety
Malachite is a copper carbonate mineral with unmistakable bands of light and dark green, often curling into circles and "eyes". It is one of the most recognisable stones there is, and that very look is what imitations co…
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Kehruba, copal and plastic: telling them apart Amber or Copal? Five Honest Tests for Kehruba
Amber is not a mineral at all. It is tree resin that has hardened over millions of years, and that history is exactly what the imitations la…
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Beruj in tradition and in a well-made ring Aquamarine (Beruj): Tradition, Setting and Sensible Choices
Aquamarine (beruj) is the blue member of the beryl family, the same mineral as emerald, and its name means "sea water". Some buyers want it…
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Sang-e-sulemani black, bought with confidence Black Agate Without the Guesswork: A First Purchase
Black agate is one of the most affordable stones you can buy, which makes it a good first purchase and also a place where small details deci…
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Heliotrope, kept polished for years Bloodstone Care: Keeping the Green Deep and the Red Spots Bright
Bloodstone, also called heliotrope, is dark green chalcedony scattered with red spots of iron oxide. It is a sturdy stone, but its appeal de…
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An honest look at blue topaz Blue Topaz: Why It Is Treated, Who Wears It, and How
Blue topaz is one of the brightest, most affordable blue gems you can buy, and it is chosen both as jewellery and, by some buyers, for tradi…
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Colour, treatment and the trial tradition Buying Neelam: A First-Timer's Guide to Blue Sapphire
Blue sapphire, or neelam, is one of the most bought and most discussed stones in Pakistan, and also one where first-time buyers can feel los…
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Natural colour, dye and what to check Buying Red Agate (Surkh Aqeeq) for the First Time
Red agate, sold in Pakistani bazaars as surkh aqeeq, is one of the most affordable ways to own a real stone from the earth, and one of the e…
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Labradorescence, explained for first buyers Choosing Labradorite: How to Read the Flash
Labradorite is a feldspar that can look plain grey one moment and burst into peacock blue, green, gold or orange the next. That play of colo…
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Simple checks for a simple stone Choosing White Agate (Safed Aqeeq): A Beginner's Checklist
White agate, called safed aqeeq, is a quiet, milky stone that is popular in Pakistan for rings worn every day. It is not expensive, which is…
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Sunela, with the facts and the folklore Citrine (Sunela): Heated, Natural and What Tradition Says
Citrine (sunela) is the yellow to orange variety of quartz. In Pakistan it is often bought as a more affordable yellow stone in the Jupiter…
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Checking your dur-e-najaf before you pay Dur-e-Najaf: Rock Crystal, Glass or Zircon? How to Know
Dur-e-najaf is colourless natural quartz, known in gemmology as rock crystal, and it carries a deep religious and cultural significance in t…
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Zamurd authenticity, from inclusions to oil Emerald's Jardin, Oiling and the Fakes That Fool Buyers
Emerald (zamurd) is green beryl coloured by chromium or vanadium, and it is the gem where buyers most often confuse "flawless" with "genuine…
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